Oi, pessoal!
Hoje a dica é sobre os prefixos e sufixos, para entender melhor o significado das palavras e tornar o aprendizado mais simples.
Prefixo – é uma letra ou grupo de letras que aparece no início das palavras e muda completamente o sentido original dela.
Segue aqui uma lista dos principais prefixos:
| PREFIX | MEANING | EXAMPLES |
| ante- | before | antenatal, anteroom, antedate |
| anti- | against, opposing | antibiotic, antidepressant, antidote |
| circum- | around | circumstance, circumvent, circumnavigate |
| co- | with | co-worker, co-pilot, co-operation |
| de- | off, down, away from | devalue, defrost, derail, demotivate |
| dis- | opposite of, not | disagree, disappear, disintegrate, disapprove |
| em-, en- | cause to, put into | embrace, encode, embed, enclose, engulf |
| epi- | upon, close to, after | epicentre, episcope, epidermis |
| ex- | former, out of | ex-president, ex-boyfriend, exterminate |
| extra- | beyond, more than | extracurricular, extraordinary, extra-terrestrial |
| fore- | before | forecast, forehead, foresee, foreword, foremost |
| homo- | same | homosexual, homonuclear, homoplastic |
| hyper- | over, above | hyperactive, hyperventilate |
| il-, im-, in-, ir- | not | impossible, illegal, irresponsible, indefinite |
| im-, in- | into | insert, import, inside |
| infra- | beneath, below | infrastructure, infrared, infrasonic, infraspecific |
| inter-, intra- | between | interact, intermediate, intergalactic, intranet |
| macro- | large | macroeconomics, macromolecule |
| micro- | small | microscope, microbiology, microfilm, microwave |
| mid- | middle | midfielder, midway, midsummer |
| mis- | wrongly | misinterpret, misfire, mistake, misunderstand |
| mono- | one, singular | monotone, monobrow, monolithic |
| non- | not, without | nonsense, nonentity, nondescript |
| omni- | all, every | omnibus, omnivore, omnipotent |
| para- | beside | parachute, paramedic, paradox |
| post- | after | post-mortem, postpone, post-natal |
| pre- | before | prefix, predetermine, pre-intermediate |
| re- | again | return, rediscover, reiterate, reunite |
| semi- | half | semicircle, semi-final, semiconscious |
| sub- | under | submerge, submarine, sub-category, subtitle |
| super- | above, over | superfood, superstar, supernatural, superimpose |
| therm- | heat | thermometer, thermostat, thermodynamic |
| trans- | across, beyond | transport, transnational, transatlantic |
| tri- | three | triangle, tripod, tricycle |
| un- | not | unfinished, unfriendly, undone, unknown |
| uni- | one | unicycle, universal, unilateral, unanimous |
Sufixo – é uma letra ou grupo de letras normalmente adicionado ao final das palavras a fim de mudar seu sentido gramatical.
Na maioria dos casos, o sufixo pode te ajudar a definir se trata-se de um substantivo, adjetivo ou advérbio.
Por exemplo, o verbo read, pode se tornar um substantivo reader adicionando-se o sufixo -er ou um adjetivo readable adicionando-se o sufixo -able.
Confira agora a lista dos sufixos mais comuns:
| SUFFIX | MEANING | EXAMPLE |
| NOUN SUFFIXES | ||
| -acy | state or quality | democracy, accuracy, lunacy |
| -al | the action or process of | remedial, denial, trial, criminal |
| -ance, -ence | state or quality of | nuisance, ambience, tolerance |
| -dom | place or state of being | freedom, stardom, boredom |
| -er, -or | person or object that does a specified action | reader, creator, interpreter, inventor, collaborator, teacher |
| -ism | doctrine, belief | Judaism, scepticism, escapism |
| -ist | person or object that does a specified action | Geologist, protagonist, sexist, scientist, theorist, communist |
| -ity, -ty | quality of | extremity, validity, enormity |
| -ment | condition | enchantment, argument |
| -ness | state of being | heaviness, highness, sickness |
| -ship | position held | friendship, hardship, internship |
| -sion, -tion | state of being | position, promotion, cohesion |
| VERB SUFFIXES | ||
| -ate | become | mediate, collaborate, create |
| -en | become | sharpen, strengthen, loosen |
| -ify, -fy | make or become | justify, simplify, magnify, satisfy |
| -ise, -ize | become | publicise, synthesise, hypnotise |
| ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES | ||
| -able, -ible | capable of being | edible, fallible, incredible, audible |
| -al | having the form or character of | fiscal, thermal, herbal, colonial |
| -esque | in a manner of or resembling | picturesque, burlesque, grotesque |
| -ful | notable for | handful, playful, hopeful, skilful |
| -ic, -ical | having the form or character of | psychological, hypocritical, methodical, nonsensical, musical |
| -ious, -ous | characterised by | pious, jealous, religious, ridiculous |
| -ish | having the quality of | squeamish, sheepish, childish |
| -ive | having the nature of | inquisitive, informative, attentive |
| -less | without | meaningless, hopeless, homeless |
| -y | characterised by | dainty, beauty, airy, jealousy |
| ADVERB SUFFIXES | ||
| -ly | related to or quality | softly, slowly, happily, crazily, madly |
| -ward, -wards | direction | towards, afterwards, backwards, inward |
| -wise | in relation to | otherwise, likewise, clockwise |
Para revisar, clique AQUI assista a um vídeo bem legal sobre os prefixos e sufixos.
